Anthonisen Criteria to start Antibiotics in COPD with AE case
In the case of a COPD exacerbation, the decision to start antibiotics is based on clinical presentation and the likelihood of bacterial...
Management of Adrenal Insufficiency and Hypothyroidism: Preventing Adrenal Crisis in the Context of Levothyroxine Therapy
Introduction Patients with concomitant adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism present a significant clinical challenge. Treating these...
Amphotericin B and Itraconazole: Clinical Management, Indications, Side Effects
Amphotericin B Indications: Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal used for the treatment of severe, life-threatening systemic...
OSCE Station: Needle Thoracocentesis for Tension Pneumothorax
OSCE Station: Needle Thoracocentesis for Tension Pneumothorax Scenario: A 7-year-old child presents to the emergency department with...
Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and HLA Genetic Risk: Carbamazepine, Allopurinol
A table summarizing all the key HLA genes associated with Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), including their population risk and associated...
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), also known as "tic douloureux," is a chronic condition characterized by episodes of intense...
Parkinson’s Disease
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms due to the...
Physical examination of Severe Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis, Aortic Stenosis, and Aortic Regurgitation
A Concise table summarizing the key physical examination findings for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) , mitral stenosis (MS) , aortic...
Dieulafoy Lesion: A Rare but Life-Threatening Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Introduction Dieulafoy lesions, though rare, are a crucial cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding that demands immediate attention...
Secondary Hypertension: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Renovascular Disease, Primary Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s Syndrome, Pheochromocytoma, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), and Medication-Induced
A table summarizing the key points about Secondary Hypertension : Cause Mechanism Diagnostic Tests Management Chronic Kidney Disease...
Side Effects of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim)
1. Bone Marrow Suppression (BM Suppression) How it happens: Trimethoprim interferes with the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid , a form...
Dexamethasone Tapering for the Clinician
Introduction Dexamethasone, a potent synthetic corticosteroid, is widely utilized in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Its...
The Causes of a Tall R Wave in Lead V1
The electrocardiogram (EKG) is an indispensable tool in diagnosing a wide range of cardiac conditions. A tall R wave in lead V1 can be a...
Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutter
A high-yield comparison table for Typical vs. Atypical Atrial Flutter : Characteristic Typical Atrial Flutter Atypical Atrial Flutter...
Bifascicular Block: Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) and Left Anterior Fascicular Block (LAFB)
A bifascicular block is a combination of two conduction abnormalities, most commonly involving the right bundle branch block (RBBB) and...
Heparin: Usage, Dosing, and Management [Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH / Enoxaparin)]
A table for the Dosage and Administration of Heparin : Indication Loading Dose (Bolus) Maintenance Infusion Prophylactic Dose Monitoring...
DOACs and NOACs in Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
1. DOACs vs. NOACs : Terminology : While both terms are often used interchangeably, DOACs is now the more widely accepted term. NOAC,...
Comprehensive Guide to Interpreting STEMI on EKG ECG: Criteria, Gender Differences, and Lead Localization, Coronary Vascular Territory and Advanced Considerations
Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) presents as a spectrum of clinical conditions, primarily classified as ST-Elevation...
MRI with Gadolinium (GAD) Gadolinium and Kidney Disease: Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize internal structures in the body. When combined...
Gout vs. Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) aka. pseudogout
Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) , also known as pseudogout , are two forms of crystal-induced arthritis that...
Antithyroid Drug Use in Graves' Disease (Hyperthyroidism): Methimazole (MMI) and Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. The overproduction of thyroid...