Clinical Conditions Associated with MAHA Blood picture: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), and HELLP Syndrome
A table recapping the clinical conditions associated with MAHA: Feature Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) Hemolytic Uremic...
Systematic Approach to Chest Pain
Introduction Chest pain is a common and multifactorial symptom with potential causes ranging from benign to life-threatening. This...
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
Introduction Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome (DDS) is a rare but serious complication primarily associated with hemodialysis. It...
The Importance of Potassium in Cardiovascular Health, especially those with severe conditions like triple vessel disease (3VD) or coronary artery disease (CAD): Why We Are So Concerned About K⁺ Levels
Potassium (K⁺) is an essential electrolyte that plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular function, particularly in the...
Acute AST and ALT Elevation: Acute Liver Failure
A summary table: Cause AST/ALT Pattern Associated Features Management Hepatitis Flare (Viral/Autoimmune) ALT > AST Jaundice, fatigue,...
Creatinine Clearance (Cockcroft-Gault Equation)
The Cockcroft-Gault equation is a widely used method for estimating kidney function by calculating the creatinine clearance (CrCl). It...
Understanding Troponin and How to Order a Troponin Series (High-Sensitivity Troponin I)
A table that recaps how to order a Troponin series and other relevant investigations for diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) or ruling...
Corticosteroid Use in Pneumonia and Lung Injury
Corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, prednisone, and dexamethasone, play a pivotal role in the management of severe pneumonia and...
Disulfiram (Antabuse) and Alcohol: Clinical Presentation and Mechanism of Action
Mechanism of Action: Disulfiram is a drug primarily used in the management of chronic alcoholism. It operates as an irreversible...
Indications and Duration of Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy (IV ATB) that can't change to Oral Antibiotic: Bacterial Meningitis, Febrile Neutropenia, and Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Table: Summary of Key Conditions Requiring IV Antibiotics Condition Indication Common IV Antibiotics Duration Bacterial Meningitis IV...
What are the causes of a score drop in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
A summary table of the causes of a drop in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), categorized by intracranial and extracranial causes for easy...
Step-by-Step of Bone Reduction (Orthopedic Reduction)
A table summarizing the steps of Orthopedic Reduction with brief explanations for each step: Step Objective Key Techniques Key...
Swimmer's Shoulder (Impingement Syndrome)
Introduction: Swimmer's shoulder, a term commonly used to describe shoulder impingement syndrome in swimmers, is a prevalent condition...
Plantar Fasciitis โรคเอ็นฝ่าเท้าอักเสบ (รองช้ำ)
Plantar Fasciitis is a prevalent cause of heel pain, particularly in active populations and middle-aged adults. The condition results...
Kanavel's Signs in Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis
Kanavel's signs are the four cardinal signs used to diagnose pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis , an infection of the flexor tendon sheath in...
Orkelax (Chlorpheniramine + Paracetamol) aka. Orphenadrine (Norgesic)
Drug Composition: Chlorpheniramine Maleate : 4 mg Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) : 500 mg Orkelax is available in tablet form combining...
Ankle Fractures: Lauge-Hansen Classification, Weber Classification
Epidemiology and Mechanism of Injury Ankle fractures represent a significant portion of orthopedic injuries, occurring at an incidence of...
Plate Types in Orthopedic Surgery: Neutralization Plate, Compression Plate, Bridge Plate, Tension Band Plate, and Locking Compression Plate (LCP)
A table summarizing the different types of orthopedic plates and their indications for use in various fracture conditions: Plate Type...
Spondylolisthesis, Spondylosis, and Spinal Stenosis
Spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, and spinal stenosis are distinct conditions affecting the spine, each with unique causes,...
Salt and Pepper Appearance in Radiology: Hyperparathyroidism, Chronic Hypovitaminosis D (Vitamin D Deficiency), Multiple Myeloma, Uterus Salt and Pepper Appearance in Soft Tissues
Salt and Pepper Appearance in Radiology The term "salt and pepper appearance" on radiographs refers to a heterogeneous pattern of...
Trigger Finger (Stenosing Tenosynovitis): A1 pulley
Definition: Trigger finger, or stenosing tenosynovitis, is a pathological condition characterized by the entrapment of the flexor...
Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) vs. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
A table key differences between Golfer's Elbow and Tennis Elbow : Feature Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis) Tennis Elbow (Lateral...