How to Diagnosis Aphasia

Type of Aphasia	Fluent	Comprehends	Repeats
Global Aphasia	No	No	No
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia	No	No	Yes
Broca's Aphasia	No	Yes	No
Transcortical Motor Aphasia	No	Yes	Yes
Wernicke's Aphasia	Yes	No	No
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia	Yes	Yes	Yes
Conduction Aphasia	Yes	Yes	No
Anomic Aphasia	Yes	Yes	Yes

Type of Aphasia	Fluency	Comprehension	Repetition	Region (Left)
Global Aphasia	Impaired	Impaired	Impaired	Left hemisphere
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia	Impaired	Impaired	Intact	Surrounding Broca’s area
Broca’s Aphasia	Impaired	Intact	Impaired	Inferior frontal
Transcortical Motor Aphasia	Impaired	Intact	Intact	Anterior to Broca’s area
Wernicke’s Aphasia	Preserved	Impaired	Impaired	Superior temporal
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia	Preserved	Impaired	Intact	Surrounding Wernicke’s area
Conduction Aphasia	Preserved	Intact	Impaired	Supramarginal gyrus or insular
Anomic Aphasia	Preserved	Preserved	Preserved	Impaired naming

Language Function in Neurological Assessment:

• Fluency: This refers to the flow of speech. A fluent speech pattern is smooth, with a normal rate and rhythm. In neurological exams, fluency is observed to see if the patient can produce speech effortlessly and appropriately. Issues with fluency can arise from conditions like aphasia, particularly non-fluent aphasia, where speech production is labored and words are not easily articulated.

• Comprehension: This is the ability to understand language, both spoken and written. During an exam, a patient may be asked to follow commands, answer questions, or interpret information. Problems with comprehension may occur in conditions like Wernicke's aphasia, where a patient might speak fluently but without making sense and have trouble understanding others.

• Repetition: The ability to repeat words or sentences is another aspect of language function. It is a complex task that requires both comprehension and speech production abilities. In a neurological exam, the patient might be asked to repeat a phrase to assess this function. Difficulty in repeating phrases can be seen in conduction aphasia, where the connection between speech comprehension and speech production centers in the brain is disrupted.
  

Global Aphasia

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia (MTA)

Broca's Aphasia

Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA)

Wernicke's Aphasia

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia (TSA)

Conduction Aphasia

Anomic Aphasia

Does it have a gold standard for diagnosis?