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MR. SOPA Mnemonic

Writer: MaytaMayta

Updated: Mar 4

The mnemonic "MR. SOPA" complements airway management protocols by providing a structured approach to addressing ventilation issues, particularly in scenarios where a patient's airway may be compromised. This mnemonic is useful in both clinical practice and emergency response settings, helping practitioners remember the steps to evaluate and manage airway problems effectively.

6 Steps for Better Ventilation

Table: Ventilation Corrective Steps (MR. SOPA)

Corrective Step

Action

M: Mask Adjustment

Ensure a proper mask seal by placing the mask firmly on the face and lifting the jaw. Consider using a two-handed technique.

R: Reposition the Head and Neck

Reposition the head in a neutral or slightly extended position. Check for chest movement after 30 seconds.

Ventilate with positive pressure 5 times and assess chest movement. If no chest movement, proceed to the next step.


S: Suction the Mouth and Nose

Suction the mouth and nose using a bulb syringe or suction catheter.

O: Open the Mouth

Gently open the mouth using your fingers.

Ventilate with positive pressure 5 times and assess chest movement. If no chest movement, proceed to the next step.


P: Pressure Increase

Increase pressure by 5-10 cmH₂O increments up to the maximum recommended pressure. • Maximum pressure: 40 cmH₂O for term infants • Maximum pressure: 30 cmH₂O for preterm infants

Ventilate with positive pressure 5 times and assess chest movement. If no chest movement, proceed to the next step.


A: Alternative Airway

Insert a laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube.

Attempt positive pressure ventilation and assess chest movement and breath sounds.


MR. SOPA: Ventilation Corrective Steps is a mnemonic to help remember the steps to take if ventilation is ineffective. Each letter corresponds to a corrective action as detailed above.

6 ขั้นตอน การช่วยหายใจให้ดีขึ้น

ตารางที่ ขั้นตอนการตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของการช่วยหายใจ (MR. SOPA)

ขั้นตอนการตรวจสอบความถูกต้อง

การปฏิบัติ

M: Mask adjustment (ปรับหน้ากาก)

วางหน้ากากให้แนบสนิทกับใบหน้าและยกขากรรไกรล่างขึ้น พิจารณาใช้เทคนิคการวางหน้ากากโดยใช้ 2 มือ

R: Reposition the head and neck (จัดท่าศีรษะและลำคอ)

จัดท่าศีรษะให้อยู่ในแนวตรงหรือแหงนเล็กน้อย 30 วินาทีหลังสังเกตเห็นการขยับของทรวงอก (chest move)

ช่วยหายใจด้วยแรงดันบวก 5 ครั้ง และประเมินการขยับของทรวงอก กรณีทรวงอกไม่ขยับ ให้ปฏิบัติขั้นตอนถัดไป


S: Suction the mouth and nose (ดูด สารคัดหลั่งในปากและจมูก)

ใช้ลูกยาง หรือสายดูดสารคัดหลั่ง

O: Open the mouth (เปิดปาก)

ใช้นิ้วมือเปิดปากอย่างนุ่มนวล

ช่วยหายใจด้วยแรงดันบวก 5 ครั้ง และประเมินการขยับของทรวงอก กรณีทรวงอกไม่ขยับ ให้ปฏิบัติขั้นตอนถัดไป


P: Pressure increase (เพิ่มแรงดัน)

เพิ่มแรงดันขึ้นอีก 5-10 ซม.น้ำ จนถึงแรงดันสูงสุดที่แนะนำ • แรงดันสูงสุด 40 ซม.น้ำ ในทารกครบกำหนด • แรงดันสูงสุด 30 ซม.น้ำ ในทารกเกิดก่อนกำหนด

ช่วยหายใจด้วยแรงดันบวก 5 ครั้ง และประเมินการขยับของทรวงอก กรณีทรวงอกไม่ขยับ ให้ปฏิบัติขั้นตอนถัดไป


A: Alternative Airway (เปลี่ยนทางเดินหายใจ)

ใส่หน้ากากครอบกล่องเสียงหรือท่อหลอดลมคอ

ลองช่วยหายใจด้วยแรงดันบวก และประเมินการขยับของทรวงอกและเสียงหายใจ


MR. SOPA: Ventilation Corrective Steps  เป็นขั้นตอนการแก้ไขปัญหาการช่วยหายใจที่ไม่ได้ผล โดยย่อมาจากแต่ละขั้นตอนข้างต้น



MR. SOPA stands for:


1. M - Mask adjustment

- Purpose: Ensure the face mask used for ventilation fits properly to avoid air leakage.

- Application: Adjust the mask to ensure it seals around the face completely, enhancing the efficiency of ventilatory support.


2. R - Reposition the head and neck

- Purpose: Optimize airway patency by aligning the airway passages.

- Application: Perform maneuvers such as the head-tilt or jaw-thrust to open the airway, especially useful in unconscious patients or those with reduced muscle tone.


3. S - Suction the mouth and nose

- Purpose: Clear the airway of secretions or obstructions that may impede breathing.

- Application: Use a suction catheter to remove mucus, blood, vomitus, or foreign materials that could block the airway passages.


4. O - Open the mouth

- Purpose: Inspect the oral cavity for any obstructions and allow better airflow.

- Application: Gently open the patient’s mouth to visually examine for blockages and ensure air can flow freely.


5. P - Pressure increase

- Purpose: Adjust the ventilatory pressures if mechanical ventilation is being used.

- Application: Increase the inspiratory pressures on the ventilator to overcome increased airway resistance or decreased lung compliance.


6. A - Alternative Airway

- Purpose: Utilize an alternative method for securing the airway if standard measures fail.

- Application: Consider advanced airway adjuncts like an oropharyngeal airway, nasopharyngeal airway, or endotracheal intubation depending on the situation and responder skill set.


Each component of MR. SOPA is critical in ensuring effective ventilation and can prevent further complications. This mnemonic helps healthcare providers maintain a systematic approach in emergency airway management scenarios, enhancing patient safety and care outcomes.



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